Fascism is an ideology that has brought great disasters to
humanity. Not only has it caused millions of people to be killed and tortured
simply because of their race, but it has also attempted to abolish all human
values. The main purpose of the book is to present various fascist tendencies
which appear under different methods and guises, and expose their real origins
and objectives. The book also attempts to tear down the mask of fascism, and
reveal that fascism is definitely an anti-religionist system..
INTRODUCTION
Fascism is an oppressive political movement that
first developed in Italy after 1919, and then in various countries in Europe, as
a reaction to the political and social changes brought about by World War I. The
name comes from the Latin word fasces, meaning a bundle of rods tied around an
axe which symbolized authority in ancient Rome.
The term "fascism" was
first used in Italy by the 1922-1924 government led by Benito Mussolini. And the
figure of a bundle of sticks tied around an axe became the emblem of the first
fascist party. After Italy, fascist governments came to power in Germany from
1933 to 1945, and in Spain from 1939 to 1975. After World War II, dictatorial
regimes set up in South America and other undeveloped countries were generally
described as fascist
To understand the philosophy of fascism, we may
consider the description that Mussolini wrote for the Italian Encyclopedia in
1932:
Fascism, the more it considers and observes the future and the
development of humanity quite apart from political considerations of the moment,
believes neither in the possibility nor the utility of perpetual peace. It thus
repudiates the doctrine of Pacifism-born of a renunciation of the struggle and
an act of cowardice in the face of sacrifice. War alone brings up to its highest
tension all human energy and puts the stamp of nobility upon the peoples who
have courage to meet it. All other trials are substitutes, which never really
put men into the position where they have to make the great decision-the
alternative of life or death.... [The Fascist] conceives of life as duty and
struggle and conquest, but above all for others-those who are at hand and those
who are far distant, contemporaries, and those who will come after.1
Evidently, the main idea behind fascism, as stressed by Mussolini, is
Darwinist conflict and war. For, as we saw in the foreword, Darwinism claims
that "the strong survive, the weak are eliminated," for which reason it suggests
that people need to be in a constant state of struggle in order to survive.
Fascism, having been developed from this idea, promotes the belief that a nation
can only advance through war, and regards peace as an element that retards
progress.
The same line of thought was expressed by Vladimir Jabotinsky,
widely regarded as one of the foremost representatives of Zionist Jews, and
proponent of the Israeli radical right, who summed up the fascistic ideology in
a statement he made in the 1930s:
Stupid is the person who believes
in his neighbor, good and loving as the neighbor may be. Justice exists only for
those whose fists and stubbornness make it possible for them to realize it . . .
Do not believe anyone, be always on guard, carry your stick always with you-this
is the only way of surviving in this wolfish battle of all against all.2
As is evident from these words, and as we shall be seeing in some
detail in the pages that follow, fascism is actually an ideology that is set in
accordance with "the law of the jungle" as developed by Darwinism.
nother feature of fascism to consider is that it is a nationalistic and
aggressive ideology based on racism. This nationalism is far removed from mere
love of country. In the aggressive nationalism of fascism, one aspires to see
his own nation dominating others, and utterly humiliating them, and has no
compunction about inflicting great suffering upon its own people in the process.
Moreover, fascistic nationalism consists of using war, occupation, massacre and
bloodshed as tools towards such political aims.
In the same manner as
fascist regimes use such means to dominate other nations, they also use force
and oppression against their own nation. Fascism's basic social policy is
insistence on an idea, and obliging people to accept it. Fascism aims at making
individuals and all of society think and behave in the same way. In order to
attain this end, it uses force and violence along all kinds of methods of
propaganda. It denounces as an enemy anyone who does not comply with its ideas,
even going as far as genocide, as in the case of Nazi Germany.
The above
has been just a brief description of the nature of the social structure and
political structure of fascism. But the real problem is in identifying where the
idea of fascism was born, how it then spread, came to power, and took hold of
entire nations. It is important to understand these, because, although people
think that fascism was done away with at the end of World War II, it still rears
its head in a number of forms. Fascism is not just a political system, it is
also a mentality, and even if this mentality no longer leads to the
establishment of political regimes, such as Nazi Germany, or Mussolini's Italy,
it nevertheless continues to inflict suffering on people all over the world.
So we shall now examine the roots of the fascist mentality, and how
it was able to grow in strength to the point of outraging the whole world in the
first half of the 20th century, and fill it with suffering. |
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